ETF Guide Cheat Sheet

Last Updated: November 21, 2025

What is an ETF?

Definition
Basket of securities traded like stocks
Diversification
Instant diversification
Low cost
Lower fees than mutual funds
Liquidity
Trade throughout the day
Transparency
Holdings disclosed daily

Common ETFs

Ticker Name Type
SPY SPDR S&P 500 US Large Cap
VOO Vanguard S&P 500 US Large Cap
VTI Vanguard Total Market Total US Market
QQQ Invesco QQQ NASDAQ 100
VEA Vanguard FTSE Developed International
AGG iShares Core US Aggregate Bond Bonds

Choosing ETFs

Expense ratio
Lower is better
Liquidity
Higher volume better
Tracking error
How well it tracks index
Tax efficiency
Generally tax-efficient
💡 Pro Tip: Low-cost index ETFs are great for long-term investing!
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