Basic Syntax

# Variables and data types
name = "Alice"
age = 30
pi = 3.14159
is_active = true

# Atoms (like symbols)
status = :ok

# Lists
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

# Tuples
person = {"Alice", 30, "Engineer"}

# Maps
user = %{name: "Alice", age: 30, email: "alice@example.com"}

# Pattern matching
{:ok, result} = {:ok, 42}

# Functions
defmodule Math do
  def add(a, b), do: a + b
  
  def factorial(0), do: 1
  def factorial(n), do: n * factorial(n - 1)
end

Pipe Operator

# Chain functions with |>
"Hello World"
|> String.downcase()
|> String.split()
|> Enum.map(&String.capitalize/1)
|> Enum.join(" ")
# Result: "Hello World"

# Without pipe
result = Enum.join(
  Enum.map(
    String.split(
      String.downcase("Hello World")
    ),
    &String.capitalize/1
  ),
  " "
)

Enum Module

Processes & Concurrency

# Spawn process
pid = spawn(fn -> IO.puts("Hello from process") end)

# Send and receive messages
send(pid, {:hello, "World"})

receive do
  {:hello, msg} -> IO.puts("Received: #{msg}")
after
  1000 -> IO.puts("Timeout")
end

# GenServer (OTP)
defmodule Counter do
  use GenServer
  
  def start_link(initial) do
    GenServer.start_link(__MODULE__, initial, name: __MODULE__)
  end
  
  def get(), do: GenServer.call(__MODULE__, :get)
  def increment(), do: GenServer.cast(__MODULE__, :increment)
end