Biology Cell Structure Cheat Sheet

Last Updated: November 21, 2025

Cell Organelles

Organelle Function
Nucleus Contains DNA, controls cell activities
Mitochondria Powerhouse of cell, produces ATP
Ribosomes Protein synthesis
Endoplasmic Reticulum Protein and lipid transport
Golgi Apparatus Packages and ships proteins
Lysosomes Breaks down waste materials
Cell Membrane Controls what enters/exits cell
Cytoplasm Gel-like substance filling cell

Plant Cell Only

Organelle Function
Cell Wall Rigid structure for support
Chloroplasts Photosynthesis
Vacuole Storage of water and nutrients

Key Processes

Mitosis
Cell division (1 cell → 2 identical cells)
Meiosis
Gamete formation (1 cell → 4 unique cells)
Photosynthesis
6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
Cellular Respiration
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP
💡 Pro Tip: Remember: Animal cells have centrioles, plant cells have cell walls!
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